class Model

def adelete(self, using=None, keep_parents=False)

    async def adelete(self, using=None, keep_parents=False):
        return await sync_to_async(self.delete)(
            using=using,
            keep_parents=keep_parents,
        )

def arefresh_from_db(self, using=None, fields=None)

    async def arefresh_from_db(self, using=None, fields=None):
        return await sync_to_async(self.refresh_from_db)(using=using, fields=fields)

def asave(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None)

    async def asave(
        self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None
    ):
        return await sync_to_async(self.save)(
            force_insert=force_insert,
            force_update=force_update,
            using=using,
            update_fields=update_fields,
        )

def check(cls, **kwargs)

    @classmethod
    def check(cls, **kwargs):
        errors = [
            *cls._check_swappable(),
            *cls._check_model(),
            *cls._check_managers(**kwargs),
        ]
        if not cls._meta.swapped:
            databases = kwargs.get("databases") or []
            errors += [
                *cls._check_fields(**kwargs),
                *cls._check_m2m_through_same_relationship(),
                *cls._check_long_column_names(databases),
            ]
            clash_errors = (
                *cls._check_id_field(),
                *cls._check_field_name_clashes(),
                *cls._check_model_name_db_lookup_clashes(),
                *cls._check_property_name_related_field_accessor_clashes(),
                *cls._check_single_primary_key(),
            )
            errors.extend(clash_errors)
            # If there are field name clashes, hide consequent column name
            # clashes.
            if not clash_errors:
                errors.extend(cls._check_column_name_clashes())
            errors += [
                *cls._check_index_together(),
                *cls._check_unique_together(),
                *cls._check_indexes(databases),
                *cls._check_ordering(),
                *cls._check_constraints(databases),
                *cls._check_default_pk(),
                *cls._check_db_table_comment(databases),
            ]

        return errors

def clean(self)

Hook for doing any extra model-wide validation after clean() has been
called on every field by self.clean_fields. Any ValidationError raised
by this method will not be associated with a particular field; it will
have a special-case association with the field defined by NON_FIELD_ERRORS.

    def clean(self):
        """
        Hook for doing any extra model-wide validation after clean() has been
        called on every field by self.clean_fields. Any ValidationError raised
        by this method will not be associated with a particular field; it will
        have a special-case association with the field defined by NON_FIELD_ERRORS.
        """
        pass

def clean_fields(self, exclude=None)

Clean all fields and raise a ValidationError containing a dict
of all validation errors if any occur.

    def clean_fields(self, exclude=None):
        """
        Clean all fields and raise a ValidationError containing a dict
        of all validation errors if any occur.
        """
        if exclude is None:
            exclude = set()

        errors = {}
        for f in self._meta.fields:
            if f.name in exclude or f.generated:
                continue
            # Skip validation for empty fields with blank=True. The developer
            # is responsible for making sure they have a valid value.
            raw_value = getattr(self, f.attname)
            if f.blank and raw_value in f.empty_values:
                continue
            # Skip validation for empty fields when db_default is used.
            if isinstance(raw_value, DatabaseDefault):
                continue
            try:
                setattr(self, f.attname, f.clean(raw_value, self))
            except ValidationError as e:
                errors[f.name] = e.error_list

        if errors:
            raise ValidationError(errors)

def date_error_message(self, lookup_type, field_name, unique_for)

    def date_error_message(self, lookup_type, field_name, unique_for):
        opts = self._meta
        field = opts.get_field(field_name)
        return ValidationError(
            message=field.error_messages["unique_for_date"],
            code="unique_for_date",
            params={
                "model": self,
                "model_name": capfirst(opts.verbose_name),
                "lookup_type": lookup_type,
                "field": field_name,
                "field_label": capfirst(field.verbose_name),
                "date_field": unique_for,
                "date_field_label": capfirst(opts.get_field(unique_for).verbose_name),
            },
        )

def delete(self, using=None, keep_parents=False)

    def delete(self, using=None, keep_parents=False):
        if self.pk is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "%s object can't be deleted because its %s attribute is set "
                "to None." % (self._meta.object_name, self._meta.pk.attname)
            )
        using = using or router.db_for_write(self.__class__, instance=self)
        collector = Collector(using=using, origin=self)
        collector.collect([self], keep_parents=keep_parents)
        return collector.delete()

def from_db(cls, db, field_names, values)

    @classmethod
    def from_db(cls, db, field_names, values):
        if len(values) != len(cls._meta.concrete_fields):
            values_iter = iter(values)
            values = [
                next(values_iter) if f.attname in field_names else DEFERRED
                for f in cls._meta.concrete_fields
            ]
        new = cls(*values)
        new._state.adding = False
        new._state.db = db
        return new

def full_clean(self, exclude=None, validate_unique=True, validate_constraints=True)

Call clean_fields(), clean(), validate_unique(), and
validate_constraints() on the model. Raise a ValidationError for any
errors that occur.

    def full_clean(self, exclude=None, validate_unique=True, validate_constraints=True):
        """
        Call clean_fields(), clean(), validate_unique(), and
        validate_constraints() on the model. Raise a ValidationError for any
        errors that occur.
        """
        errors = {}
        if exclude is None:
            exclude = set()
        else:
            exclude = set(exclude)

        try:
            self.clean_fields(exclude=exclude)
        except ValidationError as e:
            errors = e.update_error_dict(errors)

        # Form.clean() is run even if other validation fails, so do the
        # same with Model.clean() for consistency.
        try:
            self.clean()
        except ValidationError as e:
            errors = e.update_error_dict(errors)

        # Run unique checks, but only for fields that passed validation.
        if validate_unique:
            for name in errors:
                if name != NON_FIELD_ERRORS and name not in exclude:
                    exclude.add(name)
            try:
                self.validate_unique(exclude=exclude)
            except ValidationError as e:
                errors = e.update_error_dict(errors)

        # Run constraints checks, but only for fields that passed validation.
        if validate_constraints:
            for name in errors:
                if name != NON_FIELD_ERRORS and name not in exclude:
                    exclude.add(name)
            try:
                self.validate_constraints(exclude=exclude)
            except ValidationError as e:
                errors = e.update_error_dict(errors)

        if errors:
            raise ValidationError(errors)

def get_constraints(self)

    def get_constraints(self):
        constraints = [(self.__class__, self._meta.constraints)]
        for parent_class in self._meta.get_parent_list():
            if parent_class._meta.constraints:
                constraints.append((parent_class, parent_class._meta.constraints))
        return constraints

def get_deferred_fields(self)

Return a set containing names of deferred fields for this instance.

    def get_deferred_fields(self):
        """
        Return a set containing names of deferred fields for this instance.
        """
        return {
            f.attname
            for f in self._meta.concrete_fields
            if f.attname not in self.__dict__
        }

def prepare_database_save(self, field)

    def prepare_database_save(self, field):
        if self.pk is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Unsaved model instance %r cannot be used in an ORM query." % self
            )
        return getattr(self, field.remote_field.get_related_field().attname)

def refresh_from_db(self, using=None, fields=None)

Reload field values from the database.

By default, the reloading happens from the database this instance was
loaded from, or by the read router if this instance wasn't loaded from
any database. The using parameter will override the default.

Fields can be used to specify which fields to reload. The fields
should be an iterable of field attnames. If fields is None, then
all non-deferred fields are reloaded.

When accessing deferred fields of an instance, the deferred loading
of the field will call this method.

    def refresh_from_db(self, using=None, fields=None):
        """
        Reload field values from the database.

        By default, the reloading happens from the database this instance was
        loaded from, or by the read router if this instance wasn't loaded from
        any database. The using parameter will override the default.

        Fields can be used to specify which fields to reload. The fields
        should be an iterable of field attnames. If fields is None, then
        all non-deferred fields are reloaded.

        When accessing deferred fields of an instance, the deferred loading
        of the field will call this method.
        """
        if fields is None:
            self._prefetched_objects_cache = {}
        else:
            prefetched_objects_cache = getattr(self, "_prefetched_objects_cache", ())
            for field in fields:
                if field in prefetched_objects_cache:
                    del prefetched_objects_cache[field]
                    fields.remove(field)
            if not fields:
                return
            if any(LOOKUP_SEP in f for f in fields):
                raise ValueError(
                    'Found "%s" in fields argument. Relations and transforms '
                    "are not allowed in fields." % LOOKUP_SEP
                )

        hints = {"instance": self}
        db_instance_qs = self.__class__._base_manager.db_manager(
            using, hints=hints
        ).filter(pk=self.pk)

        # Use provided fields, if not set then reload all non-deferred fields.
        deferred_fields = self.get_deferred_fields()
        if fields is not None:
            fields = list(fields)
            db_instance_qs = db_instance_qs.only(*fields)
        elif deferred_fields:
            fields = [
                f.attname
                for f in self._meta.concrete_fields
                if f.attname not in deferred_fields
            ]
            db_instance_qs = db_instance_qs.only(*fields)

        db_instance = db_instance_qs.get()
        non_loaded_fields = db_instance.get_deferred_fields()
        for field in self._meta.concrete_fields:
            if field.attname in non_loaded_fields:
                # This field wasn't refreshed - skip ahead.
                continue
            setattr(self, field.attname, getattr(db_instance, field.attname))
            # Clear cached foreign keys.
            if field.is_relation and field.is_cached(self):
                field.delete_cached_value(self)

        # Clear cached relations.
        for field in self._meta.related_objects:
            if field.is_cached(self):
                field.delete_cached_value(self)

        # Clear cached private relations.
        for field in self._meta.private_fields:
            if field.is_relation and field.is_cached(self):
                field.delete_cached_value(self)

        self._state.db = db_instance._state.db

def save(self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None)

Save the current instance. Override this in a subclass if you want to
control the saving process.

The 'force_insert' and 'force_update' parameters can be used to insist
that the "save" must be an SQL insert or update (or equivalent for
non-SQL backends), respectively. Normally, they should not be set.

    def save(
        self, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None
    ):
        """
        Save the current instance. Override this in a subclass if you want to
        control the saving process.

        The 'force_insert' and 'force_update' parameters can be used to insist
        that the "save" must be an SQL insert or update (or equivalent for
        non-SQL backends), respectively. Normally, they should not be set.
        """
        self._prepare_related_fields_for_save(operation_name="save")

        using = using or router.db_for_write(self.__class__, instance=self)
        if force_insert and (force_update or update_fields):
            raise ValueError("Cannot force both insert and updating in model saving.")

        deferred_non_generated_fields = {
            f.attname
            for f in self._meta.concrete_fields
            if f.attname not in self.__dict__ and f.generated is False
        }
        if update_fields is not None:
            # If update_fields is empty, skip the save. We do also check for
            # no-op saves later on for inheritance cases. This bailout is
            # still needed for skipping signal sending.
            if not update_fields:
                return

            update_fields = frozenset(update_fields)
            field_names = self._meta._non_pk_concrete_field_names
            non_model_fields = update_fields.difference(field_names)

            if non_model_fields:
                raise ValueError(
                    "The following fields do not exist in this model, are m2m "
                    "fields, or are non-concrete fields: %s"
                    % ", ".join(non_model_fields)
                )

        # If saving to the same database, and this model is deferred, then
        # automatically do an "update_fields" save on the loaded fields.
        elif (
            not force_insert
            and deferred_non_generated_fields
            and using == self._state.db
        ):
            field_names = set()
            for field in self._meta.concrete_fields:
                if not field.primary_key and not hasattr(field, "through"):
                    field_names.add(field.attname)
            loaded_fields = field_names.difference(deferred_non_generated_fields)
            if loaded_fields:
                update_fields = frozenset(loaded_fields)

        self.save_base(
            using=using,
            force_insert=force_insert,
            force_update=force_update,
            update_fields=update_fields,
        )

def save_base(self, raw=False, force_insert=False, force_update=False, using=None, update_fields=None)

Handle the parts of saving which should be done only once per save,
yet need to be done in raw saves, too. This includes some sanity
checks and signal sending.

The 'raw' argument is telling save_base not to save any parent
models and not to do any changes to the values before save. This
is used by fixture loading.

    def save_base(
        self,
        raw=False,
        force_insert=False,
        force_update=False,
        using=None,
        update_fields=None,
    ):
        """
        Handle the parts of saving which should be done only once per save,
        yet need to be done in raw saves, too. This includes some sanity
        checks and signal sending.

        The 'raw' argument is telling save_base not to save any parent
        models and not to do any changes to the values before save. This
        is used by fixture loading.
        """
        using = using or router.db_for_write(self.__class__, instance=self)
        assert not (force_insert and (force_update or update_fields))
        assert update_fields is None or update_fields
        cls = origin = self.__class__
        # Skip proxies, but keep the origin as the proxy model.
        if cls._meta.proxy:
            cls = cls._meta.concrete_model
        meta = cls._meta
        if not meta.auto_created:
            pre_save.send(
                sender=origin,
                instance=self,
                raw=raw,
                using=using,
                update_fields=update_fields,
            )
        # A transaction isn't needed if one query is issued.
        if meta.parents:
            context_manager = transaction.atomic(using=using, savepoint=False)
        else:
            context_manager = transaction.mark_for_rollback_on_error(using=using)
        with context_manager:
            parent_inserted = False
            if not raw:
                # Validate force insert only when parents are inserted.
                force_insert = self._validate_force_insert(force_insert)
                parent_inserted = self._save_parents(
                    cls, using, update_fields, force_insert
                )
            updated = self._save_table(
                raw,
                cls,
                force_insert or parent_inserted,
                force_update,
                using,
                update_fields,
            )
        # Store the database on which the object was saved
        self._state.db = using
        # Once saved, this is no longer a to-be-added instance.
        self._state.adding = False

        # Signal that the save is complete
        if not meta.auto_created:
            post_save.send(
                sender=origin,
                instance=self,
                created=(not updated),
                update_fields=update_fields,
                raw=raw,
                using=using,
            )

def serializable_value(self, field_name)

Return the value of the field name for this instance. If the field is
a foreign key, return the id value instead of the object. If there's
no Field object with this name on the model, return the model
attribute's value.

Used to serialize a field's value (in the serializer, or form output,
for example). Normally, you would just access the attribute directly
and not use this method.

    def serializable_value(self, field_name):
        """
        Return the value of the field name for this instance. If the field is
        a foreign key, return the id value instead of the object. If there's
        no Field object with this name on the model, return the model
        attribute's value.

        Used to serialize a field's value (in the serializer, or form output,
        for example). Normally, you would just access the attribute directly
        and not use this method.
        """
        try:
            field = self._meta.get_field(field_name)
        except FieldDoesNotExist:
            return getattr(self, field_name)
        return getattr(self, field.attname)

def unique_error_message(self, model_class, unique_check)

    def unique_error_message(self, model_class, unique_check):
        opts = model_class._meta

        params = {
            "model": self,
            "model_class": model_class,
            "model_name": capfirst(opts.verbose_name),
            "unique_check": unique_check,
        }

        # A unique field
        if len(unique_check) == 1:
            field = opts.get_field(unique_check[0])
            params["field_label"] = capfirst(field.verbose_name)
            return ValidationError(
                message=field.error_messages["unique"],
                code="unique",
                params=params,
            )

        # unique_together
        else:
            field_labels = [
                capfirst(opts.get_field(f).verbose_name) for f in unique_check
            ]
            params["field_labels"] = get_text_list(field_labels, _("and"))
            return ValidationError(
                message=_("%(model_name)s with this %(field_labels)s already exists."),
                code="unique_together",
                params=params,
            )

def validate_constraints(self, exclude=None)

    def validate_constraints(self, exclude=None):
        constraints = self.get_constraints()
        using = router.db_for_write(self.__class__, instance=self)

        errors = {}
        for model_class, model_constraints in constraints:
            for constraint in model_constraints:
                try:
                    constraint.validate(model_class, self, exclude=exclude, using=using)
                except ValidationError as e:
                    if (
                        getattr(e, "code", None) == "unique"
                        and len(constraint.fields) == 1
                    ):
                        errors.setdefault(constraint.fields[0], []).append(e)
                    else:
                        errors = e.update_error_dict(errors)
        if errors:
            raise ValidationError(errors)

def validate_unique(self, exclude=None)

Check unique constraints on the model and raise ValidationError if any
failed.

    def validate_unique(self, exclude=None):
        """
        Check unique constraints on the model and raise ValidationError if any
        failed.
        """
        unique_checks, date_checks = self._get_unique_checks(exclude=exclude)

        errors = self._perform_unique_checks(unique_checks)
        date_errors = self._perform_date_checks(date_checks)

        for k, v in date_errors.items():
            errors.setdefault(k, []).extend(v)

        if errors:
            raise ValidationError(errors)